In 1983, rock star David Bowie starred in two major films: as part of the love-triangle vampire drama with Catherine Deneuve and Susan Sarandon in Tony Scott’s The Hunger, and as Major Jack Celliers in Nagisa Oshima’s prisoner-of-war film Merry Christmas Mr Lawrence.
Bowie‘s meticulous performance as Major Jack Celliers, the rebellious South African officer confined to a Japanese PoW camp during WWII is consistently intriguing.
Other key characters include Captain Yonoi (Ryuichi Sakamoto), the young camp commandant; Lt. Col. John Lawrence (Tom Conti), a British officer who has lived in Japan and speaks fluent Japanese; and Sgt. Hara (Takeshi Kitano), a brutal but principled noncommissioned officer with whom Lawrence strikes up a friendship.
Celliers suffers from guilt for having betrayed his younger brother while both were attending boarding school in South Africa. Conversely, Yonoi feels an overwhelming sense of shame. Having been posted to Manchuria, he was unable to be in Tokyo when his Army comrades, the “Shining Young Officers”, staged a military coup d’état in 1936 (the ‘February 26 Incident’).
When the coup failed, Yonoi’s comrades were all executed, and Yonoi feels ill at ease with his own survival.
Although Celliers confesses his guilty secret only to Lawrence, Captain Yonoi senses that Celliers is a kindred spirit. Yonoi develops a homoerotic fixation with him and wants to replace British RAAF Group Capt. Hicksley (Jack Thompson) with Celliers as the prisoners’ advocate.
Yonoi’s batman tries to eliminate Celliers, thinking him to be a terrible influence on Yonoi, but Celliers evades him and escapes. As Celliers attempts to rescue Lawrence, Yonoi intervenes, challenging Celliers to single combat and promising to free him if he wins, but Celliers refuses to fight.
Soon thereafter the Japanese uncover a radio in the possession of the POWs. Celliers and Lawrence are forced to take the blame and are marked for execution.
During Christmas Eve 1942, an inebriated Sgt. Hara calls for Celliers and Lawrence and, to their surprise, releases the two men. Yonoi is shocked that Sgt. Hara has released both Celliers and Lawrence from their holding cells but only mildly reprimands him for exceeding his authority and has him redeployed.
Hicksley demands an explanation and a furious Yonoi has the whole camp put on parade – all POWs, including the sick and wounded, are ordered to form lines outside their barracks. Captain Yonoi then singles out Hicksley for execution by beheading.
Breaking ranks, Celliers calmly walks up and places himself between Yonoi and Hicksley. Yonoi angrily shoves him aside, but Celliers gets up and impassively kisses Yonoi on each cheek. Mortified by an act that so deeply offends his honour code, Yonoir reaches out for his katana against Celliers but collapses in an onrush of conflicted feelings: anger frustration, embarrassment and his unacknowledged love for Celliers.
Captain Yonoi’s soldiers immediately take over, beating and stomping Celliers for his insolence.
Now compromised, Yonoi is slated for redeployment. His successor (Hideo Murota) punishes Celliers by having him buried in the ground up to his neck and left to die. When they are alone, Yonoi extracts a lock of Celliers’ hair as a memento. Celliers dies soon after.
In 1946, Lawrence visits Sgt. Hara, now a prisoner of the Allies. In English, Hara explains that his execution for war crimes is scheduled for the next day. Lawrence reveals that Yonoi passed along Celliers’ lock of hair and asked that Lawrence place it in a shrine in his home village in Japan.
Hara shares memories about Celliers and Yonoi, and it is confirmed that Yonoi was killed before the end of the war.
With an evocative score by Ryuichi Sakamoto, this powerful epic was based on the experiences of Sir Laurens van der Post in a Japanese camp during the Second World War.
Van der Post’s memoirs were adapted into a screenplay by Paul Mayersberg, who had also written The Man Who Fell to Earth (1976), though it was Oshima who selected Bowie for the lead role, after being impressed by the star’s stage turn in The Elephant Man.
The film, however, is uneven and often unnecessarily harsh and gory. It tries to explore the differences and similarities of Western and Oriental cultures – a sort of intellectual version of Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) – but it pulls in so many directions at once that it fails to achieve coherence.
Major Jack ‘Strafer’ Celliers
David Bowie
Colonel John Lawrence
Tom Conti
Captain Yonoi
Ryuichi Sakamoto
Sergeant Gengo Hara
Takeshi Kitano
Group Captain Hicksley
Jack Thompson
Kanemoto
Johnny Okura
De Jong
Alistair Browning
Celliers’ brother
James Malcolm
Jack Celliers, aged 12
Chris Broun
Commandant
Yuya Uchida
Colonel Fujimura
Ryunosuke Kaneda
Lieutenant Iwata
Takeshi Naito
Lieutenant Ito
Kan Mikami
PFC Yajima
Yuji Honma
Corporal Ueki
Daisuke Iijima
Director
Nagisa Oshima
