The longest-running science fiction series in TV history actually began life as a concept for a children’s educational programme. The time travel of the Doctor – a Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey – was meant to be a way of explaining past ages and the physical sciences.
The very first episode aired on 23 November 1963 – the day after John F Kennedy was assassinated. The adventure began at the Coal Hill School in London, where the Doctor’s granddaughter, Susan Foreman (Carole Ann Ford), was a pupil.
Her science teacher, Ian Chesterton (William Russell) and history teacher, Barbara Wright (Jacqueline Hill), were intrigued by Susan’s vast knowledge, and their curiosity led them to the Doctor (William Hartnell) and his home in a junkyard – and what seemed to be a police call box. . .
Of course, it turned out to be a time machine called the TARDIS (Time And Relative Dimensions In Space), which was also much, much bigger on the inside than the outside.
In the beginning, The Doctor was for all intents and purposes the villain: he kidnaps two teachers in his time machine, carts them back to the Stone Age, and maintains a position of intractable mystery.
Hartnell played The Doctor until 1966, when he left partly because he was suffering from arteriosclerosis and was becoming unsafe on the set.
But the character’s ability to transmute into another human form has enabled a succession of actors to play the Time Lord; Patrick Troughton, Jon Pertwee, Tom Baker, Peter Davison, Colin Baker, Sylvester McCoy, Paul McGann, Christopher Eccleston, David Tennant, Matt Smith, Peter Capaldi, Jodie Whittaker and Ncuti Gatwa.
Patrick Troughton’s second doctor first tasted adventure with his old enemy, the Daleks. His second adventure took him back to the 18th century, to the battle of Culloden, where he managed to rescue some defeated Highlanders from the gallows of transportation.
One of these Highlanders – an obstinate lad named Jamie (Frazer Hines) – chose to stay with the doctor and left with him in the Tardis. Together they fought off Cybermen and the Macra, and once again came up against the Daleks – from whose evil clutches they rescued Victoria (Deborah Watling), the daughter of a Victorian scientist who – after her father was killed – also chose to join the crew of the Tardis.
During their travels, the team came up against the Cybermen, the Yeti, and the Ice Warriors, but for Victoria, the seaweed creature was the last straw, and she decided to stay on Earth.
Zoe (Wendy Padbury) joined the doctor and Jamie on their next adventures. But Zoe was no timid Victorian miss; she was a girl from the future whose brainpower sometimes astounded even the doctor.
Jon Pertwee’s debut as Doctor #3 brought sweeping changes to the show. It jumped out of black-and-white and into colour and put a greater emphasis on elaborate stunts and action scenes than ever before. It also made a concerted effort to tell more complex and sophisticated stories.
Pertwee – an actor with a theatrical background – played Dr Who, in his own words, “as a kind of science fiction James Bond with a touch of the Renaissance man”. He was supported, from the beginning, as befitted the times, by a variety of new technological gadgets, like a sonic screwdriver.
He also had a new enemy, The Master, played superbly by Roger Delgado, who was tragically killed while filming in Turkey in June 1973.
Tom Baker (#4) was the most alien Doctor of the lot – capable of stunning callousness and levity as well as cosmic gallantry. Baker had been working part-time on a building site when he was chosen for the part, and later remarked that his workmates couldn’t believe “their cement mixer becoming Doctor Who”.
Under a young producer named Philip Hinchcliffe, Baker appeared in stories so sinister, Gothic, and unsuitable for children that Mary Whitehouse successfully agitated for Hinchcliffe to be fired.
They were shamelessly derivative stories but universally brilliant: In ‘Pyramids Of Mars’, Egyptian mummies turn out to be emissaries of Satan himself; there’s a spectacular Frankenstein rip-off with ‘The Brain Of Morbius’ (see mad scientist Philip Madoc juggle a luminous green brain), and the Doctor was effectively Sherlock Holmes in ‘The Talons Of Weng-Chiang’ – let down only by a giant rat made of carpet!
Also worth re-seeing is the magnificent ‘Genesis Of The Daleks’, in which the Doctor meets Hitler in the shape of the tin Nazis creator, Davros.
Peter Davison (#5) had the unenviable task of following Baker, but his Doctor seems to improve with the passing of years and a second (or third) viewing. His rather moving swansong was ‘The Caves Of Androzani’.
Sylvester McCoy’s stint as Doctor #7 had its moments – notably ‘The Curse of Fenric’, which featured vampires and Nicholas Parsons as a troubled vicar.
Over the years, the Doctor has faced a grisly assortment of adversaries, including Cybermen (pictured below), Ice Warriors, Sensorites, Voords, Krotons, Autons, Zygons, Sea Devils, Urbankans, Draconians, Silurians, Sontarans, Mara, Yeti, Terileptils, Mummies, and everyone’s favourite cruet set, the Daleks.
There were complaints about the Cybermen being too frightening, and the use of vampire bats in a 1980 episode prompted an outcry from the RSPCA and led to questions being asked in Parliament.
Most of the doctor’s male acquaintances were also stereotypes, most notably Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart who had this immortal line while addressing a soldier in The Daemons; – “Jenkins, chap with the wings there, five rounds rapid!”.
The show was shot on video and produced on a shoestring budget, and invariably featured scenery that shook visibly when a door was slammed or someone fell backwards into a wall!
The special effects cost just as little – The flashing lights on the Daleks came from the indicators of a Morris car – and these most terrifying adversaries were propelled by stuntmen who sat inside on a stool and pushed the Dalek around on castors.
The low budget also, unfortunately, meant some of the monsters were unintentionally amusing. While the Cybermen were mildly terrifying, the Sea Devils and others of their ilk were downright laughable.
Jon Pertwee – who played the Doctor between 1969 and 1974 – did not harbour any deep-seated fear of the exterminating salt and pepper shakers. During an interview, he said, “You only had to go down two flights of stairs and you had (the Daleks) screwed.”
Maybe so, but how many TV baddies can claim a place in the Oxford English Dictionary? “Dalek” makes the cut!
Falling viewing numbers, a decline in the public perception of the show and a less prominent transmission slot saw production suspended in 1989. Doctor Who remained dormant until 2003.
In September of that year, BBC Television announced the in-house production of a new series, following several years of attempts by BBC Worldwide to secure backing for a feature film version.
One of the best things about Doctor Who’s format is that it’s free to do almost anything.
If the Doctor can travel anywhere in the universe and to any point in history, the show is limited, in theory, only by the imagination.
Over the years, Doctor Who has developed a devoted following among children and adults alike. There are even Doctor Who conventions, and no other TV show has encouraged such ‘anorak’ behaviour, with the possible exception of Star Trek.
The Doctor
William Hartnell
Patrick Troughton
Jon Pertwee
Tom Baker
Peter Davison
Colin Baker
Sylvester McCoy
Paul McGann
Christopher Eccleston
David Tennant
Matt Smith
Peter Capaldi
Jodie Whittaker
Ncuti Gatwa
Susan Foreman Carole Ann Ford
Barbara Wright
Jacqueline Hill
Ian Chesterton
William Russell
Vicki
Maureen O’Brien
Steven Taylor
Peter Purves Katarina
Adrienne Hill
Dorothea ‘Dodo’ Chaplet
Jackie Lane Ben Jackson
Michael Craze
Polly
Anneke Wills Jamie McCrimmon
Frazer Hines Victoria Waterfield
Deborah Watling
Zoe Herriot
Wendy Padbury
Brigdr. Alastair Lethbridge-Stewart
Nicholas Courtney
Sergeant Benton
John Levene Liz Shaw
Caroline John
Jo Grant
Katy Manning Sarah Jane Smith
Elisabeth Sladen Sgt John Benton John Levene Captain Mike Yates Richard Franklin Harry Sullivan
Ian Marter Leela
Louise Jameson
Romana
Mary Tamm (1)
Lalla Ward (2) Adric
Matthew Waterhouse
Nyssa
Sarah Sutton Tegan Jovanka
Janet Fielding Vislor Turlough
Mark Strickson Perpugilliam ‘Peri’ Brown
Nicola Bryant Melanie ‘Mel’ Bush
Bonnie Langford Ace (Dorothy)
Sophie Aldred Grace Holloway
Daphne Ashbrook Rose Tyler
Billie Piper Mickey Smith
Noel Clarke Donna Noble
Catherine Tate Martha Jones
Freema Agyeman Astrid Peth
Kylie Minogue Amy Pond
Karen Gillan Rory Williams
Arthur Darvill River Song
Alex Kingston Clara Oswald
Jenna Coleman The Master
Roger Delgado (1)
Anthony Ainley (2)
Eric Roberts (3)
Voice of K-9
John Leeson (1)
David Brierley (2) Davros
Michael Wisher (1)
David Gooderson (2)
Terry Molloy (3)
But the character’s ability to transmute into another human form has enabled a succession of actors to play the Time Lord; Patrick Troughton, Jon Pertwee, Tom Baker, Peter Davison, Colin Baker, Sylvester McCoy, Paul McGann, Christopher Eccleston, David Tennant, Matt Smith, Peter Capaldi, Jodie Whittaker and Ncuti Gatwa.
During their travels, the team came up against the Cybermen, the Yeti, and the Ice Warriors, but for Victoria, the seaweed creature was the last straw, and she decided to stay on Earth.
They were shamelessly derivative stories but universally brilliant: In ‘Pyramids Of Mars’, Egyptian mummies turn out to be emissaries of Satan himself; there’s a spectacular Frankenstein rip-off with ‘The Brain Of Morbius’ (see mad scientist Philip Madoc juggle a luminous green brain), and the Doctor was effectively Sherlock Holmes in ‘The Talons Of Weng-Chiang’ – let down only by a giant rat made of carpet!
In September of that year, BBC Television announced the in-house production of a new series, following several years of attempts by BBC Worldwide to secure backing for a feature film version.
The Doctor 
Susan Foreman
Katarina
Ben Jackson
Liz Shaw
Leela
Adric
