The Disc Jockey widely credited with coining the phrase “rock ‘n’ roll” began life as a jazz trombonist with a band called the Sultans of Swing (it may have been them that Dire Straits sang about many years later).
Born in Pennsylvania in December 1922, Freed began his DJ career at WKST before working at various radio stations in Pennsylvania and Ohio. When he became a full-time DJ on Cleveland’s WJW, he began playing R&B (or so-called “race music”) to a largely white audience.
He adopted the moniker ‘Moondog’ and introduced teenagers to Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley and countless black R&B artists on his show, the ‘Moondog Rock ‘n’ Roll Party’.
A tireless, enthusiastic advocate for the music he played, Freed eventually moved upmarket and took his show to WINS in New York.
There, he further spread the gospel of rock ‘n’ roll through TV, movies, and the celebrated all-star shows he promoted at Brooklyn’s Paramount Theatre. Those stage shows remain the era’s essential rock ‘n’ roll revues.
Fats Domino went home with $28,350 – not bad for a week’s work!
In May 1958, a stabbing at a Boston concert led to Freed’s arrest on charges of incitement to riot, giving local authorities an excuse to ban rock shows.
In May 1960, Freed and others were indicted on charges of receiving payola. He pleaded not guilty to 26 counts of commercial bribery; the biggest – for $10,000 – from Roulette Records. In return, it was alleged that Freed played a chosen record eight or nine times in a night.
Morris Levy (notorious Roulette boss) claimed “unjust accusations” and said DJs had signed affidavits acknowledging they never received any “consideration” for playing Roulette platters.
Freed was eventually found guilty on two counts of accepting commercial bribery and became an industry scapegoat. He received a $400 fine and a suspended jail sentence, and the scandal forced the increasingly alcoholic Freed off the air.
Virtually bankrupt by his legal expenses and fines, facing charges of tax evasion, and drinking heavily, Freed checked himself into a Palm Springs hospital on 15 January 1965.
He died five days later from cirrhosis of the liver and renal failure and went to his grave penniless. He was just 42.
The film American Hot Wax(1978) was based on his contribution to rock ‘n’ roll. Alan Freed was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986.
There, he further spread the gospel of rock ‘n’ roll through TV, movies, and the celebrated all-star shows he promoted at Brooklyn’s Paramount Theatre. Those stage shows remain the era’s essential rock ‘n’ roll revues.
