Between November 1978 and March 1979, British Public Sector workers went on strike in response to the government’s 5% limit on pay rises, in an attempt to keep inflation from spiralling.
Having cooperated with previous government wage restraints, the Trade Union Congress (TUC) refused to comply this time, demanding pay increases of 15% to 20% to match real living costs.
As rubbish collectors were part of the strike, British cities were littered with mountains of rotting waste, leading to rat infestations and revolting smells.
National Health Service (NHS) ancillary staff, including hospital porters and cleaners, went on strike. Some hospitals were forced to turn away non-emergency patients, and in Liverpool and Tameside, striking gravediggers refused to work, forcing local councils to hire factories to temporarily store bodies.
A concurrent lorry drivers’ strike prevented goods from reaching shops, leading to panic buying, empty supermarket shelves, and closed petrol stations.
The period became known as “the winter of discontent”.
The crisis reached its peak on 22 January 1979, during a “Day of Action” where an estimated 1.25 million public sector workers went on strike simultaneously – the largest stoppage in the UK since the 1926 General Strike.
As the country ground to a halt in freezing weather, Prime Minister James Callaghan flew back to Heathrow Airport from a global summit in the sunny Caribbean.
When reporters asked about the escalating chaos, he downplayed the scale of the strike, saying he didn’t think people from the outside would share the view that there was “mounting chaos”.
The tabloid paper The Sun famously translated his response into the damning front-page headline: “Crisis? What Crisis?”.
Though Callaghan never uttered those exact words, the phrase permanently branded him as out-of-touch.
Coinciding with the coldest British winter in 16 years, the strikes caused massive public misery, crippled the economy, and ultimately led to the collapse of Callaghan’s Labour government and the historic election of Margaret Thatcher in May 1979.
The period became known as “the winter of discontent”.
The tabloid paper The Sun famously translated his response into the damning front-page headline: “Crisis? What Crisis?”.
