Ray Charles

Ray Charles started out smooth – A substandard Nat King Cole – but after signing to Atlantic, his gospel background kicked in, and he effectively invented Soul.

As his vibrant music evolved, he worked in many styles and blended R&B, Rock & Roll, big band jazz and country – the latter on the groundbreaking Modern Sounds In Country & Western Music album (1962), which gave him a US pop #1 with I Can’t Stop Loving You.

Ray Charles Robinson was born in Albany, Georgia, into harsh poverty on 23 September 1930. His mother was a washerwoman, and his father a handyman. Life was hard, and it would get crueller.

Ray was blinded at the age of seven from glaucoma. His younger brother drowned in a washtub in their family home. His father died in 1940, and his mother five years later.

By his mid-teens, Charles had learned to read and score music in Braille and play the piano, clarinet, saxophone and trumpet. Meeting with little success in the South, he moved to Seattle, where his career blossomed.

Charles was picked up by Atlantic Records, and by late 1952, he was in the recording studio working with Jesse Stone. From that session, some of the finest R&B sounds of the late fifties were issued, including his first Atlantic single, Mess Around, in May.

The records Charles made from 1955 – 1965 – during which time he battled, and eventually conquered, a severe heroin addiction – influenced, and were covered by, a whole host of 60s British acts, from The Beatles and The Rolling Stones to Van Morrison, Joe Cocker and Rod Stewart.

His first major recording achievement came with his self-penned What’d I Say (August 1959), which topped the R&B chart for two weeks and reached #6 in the pop chart. In style it was revivalist gospel – Charles shouted and moaned and his repeated demands were answered by the chants of a female backing group – a formula he was to repeat later on Hit The Road Jack for ABC/Dunhill.

The hostility that Charles attracted by merging the blues and gospel in so obvious a manner on both this and other songs was often intense. Gospel was, after all, God’s music, and thus sacred.

He switched record labels in 1959 to ABC Paramount (because Atlantic could not meet his financial demands). His debut for ABC was Sticks and Stones – a Top 40 hit – while Atlantic continued to release his canned material.

The hits continued, with Georgia On My Mind, Hit The Road Jack, Unchain My Heart, and I Can’t Stop Loving You.

Through to the 1970s, Ray Charles remained in demand as a performer – headlining jazz festivals and appearing with soul legends like Aretha Franklin. He later set up his own label, Tangerine, and became a very tough businessman.

Although future records, which relied too much on pop songs and sugary string arrangements, rarely recaptured the glory of his peak years, in concert, his voice remained strong and wonderfully expressive.

Ray Charles died on 10 June 2004, aged 73. “A great soul has gone on,” said close friend Aretha Franklin after news of Charles’ death was announced. “He was a fabulous man, full of humour and wit. A giant of an artist. The music world will miss his voice”.

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